Introduction to CNC automated processing technology
1. What is CNC machining?
CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machining uses computer programs to control machine tools (like mills, lathes, laser cutters) for high-precision, automated material cutting, drilling, or milling. It’s widely used in metalworking, plastics, molds, aerospace, automotive, and medical devices.
2. Types of CNC machining
- CNC milling machines: Rotating cutters remove material from a fixed workpiece; typically 3–5 axes.
- CNC lathes: Workpiece rotates while the tool cuts—ideal for round parts.
- Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM): Uses electrical discharges to erode hard metal, suited for precision molds.
- Laser/water-jet cutters: For rapid cutting of metal, plastic, glass, etc.
3. Workflow
- CAD: Design 2D/3D models.
- CAM: Generate toolpaths and G-code.
- Upload and set up the machine (tools, workpiece origin).
- Run the machining process.
- Inspect dimensions, tolerances, surface finish; perform post-processing like heat treatment or surface finishing.
4. Common materials
- Metals: aluminum, stainless steel, copper/brass, titanium.
- Plastics: ABS, POM, PVC, PTFE.
- Others: wood, carbon fiber, composites.
5. Advantages
- High precision (±0.005 mm or better).
- Automation reduces labor cost.
- Flexible production for small batches.
- Capable of complex shapes (especially 5-axis).
6. Challenges
- High upfront cost (machines, software, tooling).
- Requires skilled CAM programmers.
- For very small runs, 3D printing may be more cost-effective.
- Hard materials accelerate tool wear.
7. Automation trends
- Robotic loading/unloading.
- Automatic tool changers (ATC).
- Automated inspection and feedback compensation.
- MES integration for traceability.
- Unmanned, overnight operation.
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